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  2. Arginine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arginine

    For such a person, arginine would become "essential". Synthesis of arginine from citrulline also occurs at a low level in many other cells, and cellular capacity for arginine synthesis can be markedly increased under circumstances that increase the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS). This allows citrulline, a byproduct of the ...

  3. Amino acid synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid_synthesis

    The α-ketoglutarate family of amino acid synthesis (synthesis of glutamate, glutamine, proline and arginine) begins with α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the Citric Acid Cycle. The concentration of α-ketoglutarate is dependent on the activity and metabolism within the cell along with the regulation of enzymatic activity.

  4. Argininosuccinate synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argininosuccinate_synthase

    The transformation of citrulline into argininosuccinate is the rate-limiting step in arginine synthesis. The activity of argininosuccinate synthetase in arginine synthesis occurs largely in at the outer mitochondrial membrane of periportal liver cells as part of the urea cycle, with some activity occurring in cortical kidney cells.

  5. Nitric oxide synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase

    Nitric oxide synthases produce NO by catalysing a five-electron oxidation of a guanidino nitrogen of L-arginine (L-Arg). Oxidation of L-Arg to L-citrulline occurs via two successive monooxygenation reactions producing N ω-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHLA) as an intermediate. 2 mol of O 2 and 1.5 mol of NADPH are consumed per mole of NO formed. [3]

  6. Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arginine:glycine_amidino...

    Role of AGAT during creatine synthesis [1] Transamidination reaction mechanism of AGAT [1] L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT; EC 2.1.4.1) is the enzyme that catalyses the transfer of an amidino group from L-arginine to glycine. The products are L-ornithine and glycocyamine, also known as guanidinoacetate, the immediate precursor of ...

  7. N-Acetylglutamate synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acetylglutamate_synthase

    A simplified reaction mechanism for N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS). Two mechanisms for N-acetyltransferase function have been proposed: a two-step, ping-pong mechanism involving transfer of the relevant acetyl group to an activated cysteine residue [10] and a one-step mechanism through direct attack of the amino nitrogen on the carbonyl group. [11]

  8. Arginine and proline metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arginine_and_proline...

    Arginine and proline metabolism is one of the central pathways for the biosynthesis of the amino acids arginine and proline from glutamate. The pathways linking arginine, glutamate, and proline are bidirectional. Thus, the net utilization or production of these amino acids is highly dependent on cell type and developmental stage.

  9. Citrullination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrullination

    The chemical conversion of arginine to citrulline, known as citrullination or deimination. Citrullination or deimination is the conversion of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline. Citrulline is not one of the 20 standard amino acids encoded by DNA in the genetic code.

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