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For example, Paraffin has very large molecules and thus a high heat capacity per mole, but as a substance it does not have remarkable heat capacity in terms of volume, mass, or atom-mol (which is just 1.41 R per mole of atoms, or less than half of most solids, in terms of heat capacity per atom).
The specific heat capacity of a substance, usually denoted by or , is the heat capacity of a sample of the substance, divided by the mass of the sample: [10] = =, where represents the amount of heat needed to uniformly raise the temperature of the sample by a small increment .
The heat content of an ideal gas is independent of pressure (or volume), but the heat content of real gases varies with pressure, hence the need to define the state for the gas (real or ideal) and the pressure. Note that for some thermodynamic databases such as for steam, the reference temperature is 273.15 K (0 °C).
Systems do not contain work, but can perform work, and likewise, in formal thermodynamics, systems do not contain heat, but can transfer heat. Informally, however, a difference in the energy of a system that occurs solely because of a difference in its temperature is commonly called heat , and the energy that flows across a boundary as a result ...
Specific energy: Energy density per unit mass J⋅kg −1: L 2 T −2: intensive Specific heat capacity: c: Heat capacity per unit mass J/(K⋅kg) L 2 T −2 Θ −1: intensive Specific volume: v: Volume per unit mass (reciprocal of density) m 3 ⋅kg −1: L 3 M −1: intensive Spin: S: Quantum-mechanically defined angular momentum of a ...
Specific heat capacity of water [2] The variation can be ignored in contexts when working with objects in narrow ranges of temperature and pressure. For example, the heat capacity of a block of iron weighing one pound is about 204 J/K when measured from a starting temperature T = 25 °C and P = 1 atm of pressure. That approximate value is ...
J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.4, Heats of Fusion, Vaporization, and Sublimation and Specific Heat at Various Temperatures of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Since the molar heat capacity of a substance is the specific heat c times the molar mass of the substance M/N its numerical value is generally smaller than that of the specific heat. Paraffin wax, for example, has a specific heat of about 2500 J⋅K −1 ⋅kg −1 but a molar heat capacity of about 600 J⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1.