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The Home Front: Civilian Life in World War One (2006) Dewey, P. E. "Food Production and Policy in the United Kingdom, 1914–1918," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (1980). v. 30, pp 71–89. in JSTOR; Doyle, Peter. First World War Britain: 1914–1919 (2012) Fairlie, John A. British War Administration (1919) online edition
Army, Industry, and Labor in Germany, 1914–1918 (1966) Ferguson, Niall The Pity of War (1999), cultural and economic themes, worldwide; Hardach, Gerd. The First World War 1914-1918 (1977), economics; Herwig, Holger H. The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914-1918 (1996), one third on the homefront; Howard, N.P.
Western Front; Part of the European theatre of World War I: Clockwise from top left: Men of the Royal Irish Rifles, concentrated in the trench, right before going over the top on the First day on the Somme; British soldier carries a wounded comrade from the battlefield on the first day of the Somme; A young German soldier during the Battle of Ginchy; American infantry storming a German bunker ...
Germany launched an offensive through Belgium, which made the British Empire declare war against Germany. France's Plan XVII - a concentrated offensive meant to overwhelm the German army - also failed. The Western front quickly became a military stalemate, claiming hundreds of thousands of lives on each side.
The Siegfried Line, known in German as the Westwall (= western bulwark), was a German defensive line built during the late 1930s. Started in 1936, opposite the French Maginot Line, it stretched more than 630 km (390 mi) from Kleve on the border with the Netherlands, along the western border of Nazi Germany, to the town of Weil am Rhein on the border with Switzerland.
Defending infantry would fight in areas, with the front divisions in an outpost zone up to 3,000 yd (1.7 mi; 2.7 km) deep behind listening posts, with the main line of resistance placed on a reverse slope, in front of artillery observation posts, which were kept far enough back to retain observation over the outpost zone.
Comparative numbers of German and Allied front-line infantry from April to November 1918. [6]The German High Command—in particular General Erich Ludendorff, the Chief Quartermaster General at Oberste Heeresleitung, the supreme army headquarters—has been criticised by military historians [who?] for the failure to formulate sound and clear strategy.
Germany, facing a two-front war, enacted what was known as the Schlieffen Plan, which involved German armed forces needing to move through Belgium and swing south into France and towards the French capital of Paris. This plan aimed to gain a quick victory against the French and allow German forces to concentrate on the Eastern Front.