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Burchardt, Lothar. "The Impact of the War Economy on the Civilian Population of Germany during the First and the Second World Wars," in The German Military in the Age of Total War, edited by Wilhelm Deist, 40–70. Leamington Spa: Berg, 1985. Chickering, Roger. Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914–1918 (1998), wide-ranging survey; Daniel ...
Due to geographical closeness, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy came together as the Triple Alliance and later became the Central powers due to their central positioning in Europe. [ citation needed ] France and Britain became allies along with Russia in order to defend their borders and support each other in case of war.
Another problem with the German strategy was the deliberate choice to not coordinate it with their allies in Austria-Hungary. Moltke the Younger wanted Austria to assist Germany by going on the offensive against Russia in the early stages of the war, and never told his Austrian counterpart, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf , that Germany was not ...
"The Food Supply of Germany During the War," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (1920) 83#2 pp. 225–254 in JSTOR; Tobin, Elizabeth H. "War and the Working Class: The Case of Düsseldorf 1914–1918," Central European History (1985) 18#3 pp 4+ Vincent, Charles Paul. The Politics of Hunger: The Allied Blockade of Germany, 1915–1919 (1985)
The problems of re-supply were also exacerbated by increasing distances that now stretched over terrain that was shell-torn and often impassable to traffic. [47] Following Operation Michael, Germany launched Operation Georgette against the northern English Channel ports. The Allies halted the drive after limited territorial gains by Germany.
In 1917, during the First World War, the armies on the Western Front continued to change their fighting methods, due to the consequences of increased firepower, more automatic weapons, decentralisation of authority and the integration of specialised branches, equipment and techniques into the traditional structures of infantry, artillery and cavalry.
Hewitson, Mark. "Germany and France before the First World War: a reassessment of Wilhelmine foreign policy." English Historical Review 115.462 (2000): 570-606; argues Germany had a growing sense of military superiority; Hewitson, Mark. Germany and the Causes of the First World War (2004), thorough overview; Jarausch, Konrad (1973).
Monument to the 674 civilian casualties of Dinant's "Teutonic fury" on August 23, 1914, including 116 shot on this site.. From August 5 to 26, 1914, the Imperial German Army put more than 5,000 civilians under fire in a hundred Walloon villages and destroyed more than 15,000 houses, including 600 in Visé and 1,100 in Dinant, which represents 70% of the destruction carried out in France and ...