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The upper jaw, or maxilla [12] [13] is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two halves at the mandibular symphysis. In bony fish, the maxilla is called the "upper maxilla," with the mandible being the "lower maxilla".
The species level taxonomy is complex and the family includes several undescribed species. Physically similar to blennies, most jawfish species are small fish (up to 10 cm or 3.9 in) with an elongated body plan. A few species, for example the aptly named giant jawfish (O. rhomaleus), reaches about 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in). Their heads, mouths, and ...
There are currently 72 recognized species in this genus: Opistognathus adelus Smith-Vaniz, 2010 (Obscure jawfish) [2] Opistognathus afer Smith-Vaniz, 2010 (African jawfish) [2] Opistognathus albicaudatus Smith-Vaniz, 2011 (White-tail jawfish) [3] Opistognathus alleni Smith-Vaniz, 2004 (Abrolhos jawfish)
Osteichthyes (bone-fish) or bony fishes are a taxonomic group of fish that have bone, as opposed to cartilaginous skeletons. The vast majority of fish are osteichthyans, which is an extremely diverse and abundant group consisting of 45 orders, with over 435 families and 28,000 species. [21] It is the largest class of vertebrates in existence today.
Yellowhead jawfish have two different types of responses to intruders, flight or fight. The type of response depends on the type of incoming fish. During flight, the fish will swim away from the intruder and in go into their burrow, covering the opening with a large rock. During fight, the fish will spit sand or rocks at the intruder. [4]
The blue-spotted jawfish (Opistognathus rosenblatti) is a species of jawfish native to the Gulf of California. It is an inhabitant of reefs where it is found in large colonies at depths of around 12 metres (39 ft). This species hides in its burrow at night, completely sealing the entrance. Every morning, it rebuilds the burrow entrance.
In all jawed fish (gnathostomes), the first arch pair (mandibular arches) develops into the jaw, the second gill arches (the hyoid arches) develop into the hyomandibular complex (which supports the back of the jaw and the front of the gill series), and the remaining posterior arches (simply called branchial arches) support the gills.
The dentary of the ghost knifefish species Sternarchogiton nattereri (family Apteronotidae) has upper and lower pharyngeal tooth plates bearing 9–11 and 7–9 teeth, respectively. The mouth cone ("everted pharynx") of a possible new species of Meiopriapulus , a marine worm in the Priapulida , bears pharyngeal teeth.