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Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.
[1]: 26 In most cases of a metabolic pathway, the product of one enzyme acts as the substrate for the next. However, side products are considered waste and removed from the cell. [2] Different metabolic pathways function in the position within a eukaryotic cell and the significance of the pathway in the given compartment of the cell. [3]
The glucose cycle can occur in liver cells due to a liver specific enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which catalyse the dephosphorylation of glucose 6-phosphate back to glucose. Glucose-6-phosphate is the product of glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis , where the goal is to increase free glucose in the blood due body being in catabolic state.
Failure in the regulation of glyceroneogenesis may lead to type 2 diabetes, a metabolic disorder that results in high levels of blood glucose and blood lipid. [5] Type 2 diabetes, in addition to a decreased sensitivity to insulin , is associated with the overproduction of triglycerides in the liver, due to excessively active glyceroneogenesis ...
ALT is commonly measured clinically as part of liver function tests and is a component of the AST/ALT ratio. [6] When used in diagnostics, it is almost always measured in international units/liter (IU/L) [7] or μkat. While sources vary on specific reference range values for patients, 0-40 IU/L is the standard reference range for experimental ...
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