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In humans, the right adrenal gland is pyramidal in shape, whereas the left is semilunar or crescent shaped and somewhat larger. [8] The adrenal glands measure approximately 5 cm in length, 3 cm in width, and up to 1 cm in thickness. [9] Their combined weight in an adult human ranges from 7 to 10 grams. [10] The glands are yellowish in colour. [8]
Adrenal gland disorders (or diseases) are conditions that interfere with the normal functioning of the adrenal glands. [1] Your body produces too much or too little of one or more hormones when you have an adrenal gland dysfunction. The type of issue you have and the degree to which it affects your body's hormone levels determine the symptoms. [2]
Adrenal crisis, also known as Addisonian crisis or acute adrenal insufficiency, is a life-threatening complication of adrenal insufficiency. Hypotension, and hypovolemic shock, are the main symptoms of an adrenal crisis. Other symptoms include weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fever, fatigue, abnormal electrolytes, confusion, and coma.
When an adrenal nodule (potential tumor) is discovered on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, there is a 5–10% chance the lesion is a pheochromocytoma. [175] The incidence of adrenal tumors is found in the infographic above, with pheochromocytoma noted in yellow in the top right corner.
Adenomyoma is a tumor (-oma) including components derived from glands (adeno-) and muscle (-my-). [1] It is a type of complex and mixed tumor, and several variants have been described in the medical literature.
[2] [3] Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in all its forms accounts for over 95% of diagnosed cases of all types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. [4] Unless another specific enzyme is mentioned, CAH in most contexts refers to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, and different mutations related to enzyme impairment have ...
This constellation of symptoms is called carcinoid syndrome or (if acute) carcinoid crisis. Occasionally, haemorrhage or the effects of tumor bulk are the presenting symptoms. The most common originating site of carcinoid is the small bowel, particularly the ileum; carcinoid tumors are the most common malignancy of the appendix.
The treatment requires frequent monitoring to the 1 in 30,000 that suffer from MEN-1. [3] Endocrine pancreatic tumor are treated with surgery and cytotoxic drugs in case of malignant disease. Pituitary tumors are treated with surgery (acromegaly and Mb. Cushing) or medicine (prolactinomas). [3]