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Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
Toggle the table of contents. Hydrochloric acid (data page) ... Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
They provide the cells with water and inorganic ions, while maintaining a physiological pH and osmotic pressure. [2] Sometimes glucose is added as an energy source and phenol red is used as a pH indicator. In medicine, balanced salt solutions can be used as an irrigation solution such as during intraocular surgery and to replace intraocular fluids.
Another approach is to treat sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce hydrochloric acid, also known as the "salt-cake" process: [46] NaCl + H 2 SO 4 NaHSO 4 + HCl NaCl + NaHSO 4 Na 2 SO 4 + HCl. In the laboratory, hydrogen chloride gas may be made by drying the acid with concentrated sulfuric acid.
Chloroform, [10] or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula C H Cl 3 and a common solvent.It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and PTFE. [11]
When an acid is dissolved in water, the pH will be less than 7, while a base, or alkali, will have a pH greater than 7. A strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, at concentration 1 mol dm −3 has a pH of 0, while a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide, at the same concentration, has a pH of 14. Since pH is a logarithmic scale, a difference of ...
Chloride has a major physiological significance, [11] which includes regulation of osmotic pressure, electrolyte balance and acid-base homeostasis. Chloride is present in all body fluids , [ 12 ] and is the most abundant extracellular anion which accounts for around one third of extracellular fluid 's tonicity .
By far most chlorine is manufactured from table salt (NaCl) by electrolysis in the chlor-alkali process. The resulting gas at atmospheric pressures is liquified at high pressure. The liquefied gas is transported and used as such. [citation needed] As a strong oxidizing agent, chlorine kills via the oxidation of organic molecules. [16]