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Nebraska map showing location of Pawnee Reservation and other Indian territories in 1873. The Pawnee Reservation was located on the Loup River in Platte and Nance counties in mid-central Nebraska. The Kawarakis Pawnees, the ancestors of the Chaui, Kitkehahki, and Pitahawirata Bands, settled in southeastern Nebraska in approximately 900.
The Pawnee had been the most populous and perhaps the most powerful tribe in the Nebraska area, with a population of 10,000 to 12,000 around the year 1800. [11] However, smallpox epidemics and increasing Sioux raids on villages beginning in the early 1800s and worsening in the 1830s left the Pawnee in a vulnerable position.
Nance County was a Pawnee reservation until 1875, when harassment by the whites and Sioux helped convince by force the Pawnee to relocate to Oklahoma. [21] The Oto, Omaha, and Ioway were forced to cede much of their land to the U.S. government in 1854, resulting in moving onto reservations in eastern Nebraska.
The Pawnee, also known by their endonym Chatiks si chatiks (which translates to "Men of Men" [1]), are an Indigenous people of the Great Plains that historically lived in Nebraska and northern Kansas but today are based in Oklahoma. [2] They are the federally recognized Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma, who are headquartered in Pawnee, Oklahoma.
The Pawnee Agency was established in 1859 for the Pawnee. They had previously been assigned to the Otoe Agency since 1856, and to Council Bluffs Agency prior to that. It was located at Genoa, Nebraska until 1875, when it was moved to the new Pawnee Reservation in Oklahoma Territory after the US accomplished Pawnee removal from Nebraska.
A third village, probably of the Kitkehahki (Republican Pawnee) was located on the south bank of the Platte west of the Skidi. [7] In 1857, the Pawnee, under pressure from white settlers and Sioux attacks, [7] signed a treaty giving up all claims to land in Nebraska in exchange for a reservation on the Loup River in present-day Nance County ...
However, over time the Pawnee ceded most of their land in Nebraska to the United States government through19th century treaties. [3] The four Pawnee subtribes gave up their lands south of the Platte River in an 1833 treaty. [2] The tribe was then forced onto a small reservation area on the Loup Fork of the Platte River in an 1857 treaty. [2]
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