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Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy or vibrational spectroscopy) is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption, emission, or reflection. It is used to study and identify chemical substances or functional groups in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms.
The near-infrared (NIR) window (also known as optical window or therapeutic window) defines the range of wavelengths from 650 to 1350 nanometre (nm) where light has its maximum depth of penetration in tissue. [1] Within the NIR window, scattering is the most dominant light-tissue interaction, and therefore the propagating light becomes diffused ...
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is a common implementation of infrared spectroscopy. NMR also employs Fourier transforms. Gamma spectroscopy; Hadron spectroscopy studies the energy/mass spectrum of hadrons according to spin, parity, and other particle properties. Baryon spectroscopy and meson spectroscopy are types of hadron spectroscopy.
In addition, the improved sensitivity and speed have opened up new areas of application. Spectra can be measured in situations where very little energy reaches the detector. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used in geology, [11] chemistry, materials, botany [12] and biology research fields. [13]
Table-top spectrophotometer Beckman IR-1 Spectrophotometer, c. 1941 Beckman Model DB Spectrophotometer (a double beam model), 1960 Hand-held spectrophotometer used in graphic industry [1] Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy concerned with the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a ...
At the same time, Huth et al. [16] in the laboratory of R. Hillenbrand used IR radiation from a simple glowbar source in combination with the principles of Fourier-transform spectroscopy, to record IR spectra of p-doped Si and its oxides in a semiconductor device. In the same work the term nano-FTIR was first introduced.
Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR) is a nonlinear infrared spectroscopy technique that has the ability to correlate vibrational modes in condensed-phase systems. This technique provides information beyond linear infrared spectra, by spreading the vibrational information along multiple axes, yielding a frequency correlation spectrum.
Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared.