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  2. Ratio estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio_estimator

    The ratio estimator is a statistical estimator for the ratio of means of two random variables. ... To simplify the notation the following variables will be used

  3. Cross-multiplication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-multiplication

    In mathematics, specifically in elementary arithmetic and elementary algebra, given an equation between two fractions or rational expressions, one can cross-multiply to simplify the equation or determine the value of a variable.

  4. Geometric series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_series

    The geometric series is an infinite series derived from a special type of sequence called a geometric progression.This means that it is the sum of infinitely many terms of geometric progression: starting from the initial term , and the next one being the initial term multiplied by a constant number known as the common ratio .

  5. Ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio

    The ratio of width to height of standard-definition television. In mathematics, a ratio (/ ˈ r eɪ ʃ (i) oʊ /) shows how many times one number contains another. For example, if there are eight oranges and six lemons in a bowl of fruit, then the ratio of oranges to lemons is eight to six (that is, 8:6, which is equivalent to the ratio 4:3).

  6. Square root of 2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root_of_2

    The square root of two is the frequency ratio of a tritone interval in twelve-tone equal temperament music. The square root of two forms the relationship of f-stops in photographic lenses, which in turn means that the ratio of areas between two successive apertures is 2.

  7. Silver ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_ratio

    The silver ratio is a Pisot number, [5] the next quadratic Pisot number after the golden ratio. By definition of these numbers, the absolute value 2 − 1 {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}-1} of the algebraic conjugate is smaller than 1, thus powers of ⁠ σ {\displaystyle \sigma } ⁠ generate almost integers and the sequence σ n mod 1 ...

  8. Continued fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continued_fraction

    In the first of these equations the ratio tends toward ⁠ A n / B n ⁠ as z tends toward zero. In the second, the ratio tends toward ⁠ A n / B n ⁠ as z tends to infinity. This leads us to our first geometric interpretation. If the continued fraction converges, the successive convergents ⁠ A n / B n ⁠ are eventually arbitrarily close ...

  9. Sine and cosine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine

    In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle.The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side opposite that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle (the hypotenuse), and the cosine is the ratio of the length of the adjacent leg to that of the ...