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Spironolactone can cause hyperkalemia, or high blood potassium levels. [111] Rarely, this can be fatal. [111] Of people with heart disease prescribed typical dosages of spironolactone, 10 to 15% develop some degree of hyperkalemia, and 6% develop severe hyperkalemia. [111] At a higher dosage, a rate of hyperkalemia of 24% has been observed. [119]
Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium (K +) in the blood. [6] [1] Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels above 5.5 mmol/L defined as hyperkalemia. [3] [4] Typically hyperkalemia does not cause symptoms. [1] Occasionally when severe it can cause palpitations, muscle pain, muscle weakness ...
Triamterene, specifically, is a potential nephrotoxin and up to half of the patients on it can have crystalluria or urinary casts. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Due to its activity as an androgen receptor antagonist and progesterone receptor agonist, spironolactone causes adverse effects, including gynecomastia or decreased libido in males and menstrual ...
The Primary Aldosteronism Foundation [36] is a patient-driven initiative committed to creating the paradigm shift that will lead to optimum diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism by raising awareness, fostering research, and providing support to patients and healthcare professionals worldwide. [citation needed]
Kidney function is also normal if the disease is treated, [4] but occasionally patients proceed to end-stage kidney failure. Bartter syndrome consists of low levels of potassium in the blood, alkalosis, normal to low blood pressures, and elevated plasma renin and aldosterone. Numerous causes of this syndrome probably exist.
The objective of this trial was to assess the impact of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Patients were randomized to receive either spironolactone (25 to 50 mg) daily or placebo. Both groups were continued on standard therapy. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a condition that causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness typically beginning in childhood or adolescence. Most often, these episodes involve a temporary inability to move muscles in the arms and legs. Attacks cause severe weakness or paralysis that usually lasts from hours to days.
The thiazides cause a net decrease in calcium lost in urine. [7] The potassium-sparing diuretics cause a net increase in calcium lost in urine, but the increase is much smaller than the increase associated with other diuretic classes. [7] By contrast, loop diuretics promote a significant increase in calcium excretion. [8]