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The most commonly used catheter for central venous access is the triple lumen catheter. [3] They are preferred (particularly in the ICU) for their three infusion channels that allow for multiple therapies to be administered simultaneously. They are sized using the French scale, with the 7 French size commonly used in adults.
Coudé (French for elbowed) catheters have a 45° bend at the tip that facilitates easier passage through an enlarged prostate. Councill tip catheters [5] have a small hole at the tip so they can be passed over a wire. Three-way, or triple lumen catheters have a third channel used to infuse sterile normal saline for irrigation.
The French scale measures the outer diameter of the catheter, not the size of the internal drainage channel (inner diameter). For instance, a two-way catheter of 20 Fr and a three-way catheter of 20 Fr have the same outer diameter, but the three-way catheter has an additional channel for irrigation, reducing the size of its drainage channel.
The port is usually inserted in the upper chest (known as a "chest port"), just below the clavicle or collar bone, with the catheter inserted into the jugular vein. A port consists of a reservoir compartment (the portal) that has a silicone bubble for needle insertion (the septum), with an attached plastic tube (the catheter).
The catheter is inserted into the vessel under ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance and tunneled through the skin. Tunneled catheters have multiple channels called lumens which lay exposed on the surface of the skin. These lumens are the access points when the catheter is used. Tunneled catheters can be single, double, or triple lumened.
Groshongs may be left in place for extended periods and are used when long-term intravenous therapy is needed, such as for chemotherapy.Similar to the Hickman line, the tip of the catheter is in the superior vena cava, and the catheter is tunneled under the skin to an incision on the chest wall, where the distal end of the catheter exits the body.
There are both two-way and three-way hematuria catheters (double and triple lumen). [1] A condom catheter can only be used by a person with a penis but carries a lower risk of infection than an indwelling catheter. [3] Catheter diameters are sized by the French catheter scale (F). The most common sizes are 10 F (3.3mm) to 28 F (9.3mm).
Pigtail catheter is a non-selective catheter with multiple side holes that can deliver large volumes of contrast into a blood vessel for imaging purposes. [29] Cobra catheter is a selective catheter used to catheterise downgoing vessels in the abdomen. Cobra catheters move forward by pushing and are removed by pulling. [30]