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Hyoscine butylbromide, also known as scopolamine butylbromide [4] and sold under the brandname Buscopan among others, [5] is an anticholinergic medication used to treat abdominal pain, esophageal spasms, bladder spasms, biliary colic, [6] and renal colic. [7] [8] It is also used to improve excessive respiratory secretions at the end of life. [9]
Glycopyrronium bromide affects the gastrointestinal tracts, liver and kidney but has a very limited effect on the brain and the central nervous system.In horse studies, after a single intravenous infusion, the observed tendencies of glycopyrronium followed a tri-exponential equation, by rapid disappearance from the blood followed by a prolonged terminal phase.
Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine or duboisine) is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid and plant toxin. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the family Solanaceae , including henbane , mandrake , angel's trumpets , jimsonweed , the sorcerers' tree , and Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade).
[1] [2] The GI cocktail is commonly prescribed in the hospital or emergency department, and has been used to help distinguish chest pain as either gastrointestinal or cardiac. [1] While it has been widely used in the treatment of dyspepsia, studies have suggested that the GI cocktail is only as effective as antacids alone.
Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, [9] or Devil's Breath, [10] is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is used as a medication to treat motion sickness [11] and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Both dicyclomine and hyoscyamine are antispasmodic due to their anticholinergic action. [medical citation needed] Both of these drugs have side effects common to anticholinergics and can worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [2] Papaverine is an opium alkaloid used to treat visceral spasms, particularly those of the intestines. [3]
There are few side effects related to the use of 5-HT 3 antagonists; the most common are constipation or diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. [28] Unlike antihistamines with antiemetic properties such as cyclizine , 5-HT 3 antagonists do not produce sedation , nor do they cause extrapyramidal effects , as phenothiazines (such as prochlorperazine ...
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4] [5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia. [7]