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NAMI successfully lobbied to improve mental health services and gain equality of insurance coverage for mental illnesses. [1] In 1996, the Mental Health Parity Act was enacted into law, realizing the mental health movement's goal of equal insurance coverage. In 1955, there were 340 psychiatric hospital beds for every 100,000 US citizens.
Deinstitutionalisation (or deinstitutionalization) is the process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with a mental disorder or developmental disability.
Community Mental Health Act; Other short titles: Mental Retardation and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963: Long title: An Act to provide assistance in combating mental retardation through grants for construction of research centers and grants for facilities for the mentally retarded and assistance in improving mental health through grants for construction of community ...
The Mental Health Systems Act of 1980 (MHSA) was legislation signed by American President Jimmy Carter which provided grants to community mental health centers. In 1981 President Ronald Reagan, who had made major efforts during his governorship to reduce funding and enlistment for California mental institutions, pushed a political effort through the Democratically controlled House of ...
Since the middle of the 20th century, the problem of institutionalization has been one of the motivating factors for the increasing popularity of deinstitutionalization and the growth of community mental health services, [2] [11] since some mental healthcare providers believe that institutional care may create as many problems as it solves.
This meta-analysis of 308 studies found strong negative associations between institutional care and children's development, especially in relation to physical growth, cognition and attention. Significant but smaller associations were found between institutionalisation and socioemotional development and mental health.
Deinstitutionalisation, the contraction of traditional institutional settings and especially a decline in the number of beds, is a process that takes several decades.. Deinstitutionalisation comprises three processes: firstly a shift away from dependence on psychiatric hospitals; then 'transinstitutionalisation' or an increase in the number of mental health beds in general hospitals and ...
Birnbaum was horrified to observe that deinstitutionalization or the process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with community mental health services often led to many mentally ill being placed in prison or put out on the streets rather than being properly cared for. He felt that a clearer standard for a therapeutic quality of care ...