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Carbonate rocks are a class of sedimentary rocks composed primarily of carbonate minerals. The two major types are limestone , which is composed of calcite or aragonite (different crystal forms of CaCO 3 ), and dolomite rock (also known as dolostone), which is composed of dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ).
Carbonatite (/ k ɑːr ˈ b ɒ n ə ˌ t aɪ t /) is a type of intrusive or extrusive igneous rock defined by mineralogic composition consisting of greater than 50% carbonate minerals. [1] Carbonatites may be confused with marble and may require geochemical verification.
Generally, the dolomite content of the carbonate rocks varies quite a lot. The content is mostly very low and the rock consist mainly of calcite, but in some areas, the dolomite content can be as high as 50%. The Siilinjärvi carbonates are light grey, white or slightly reddish fine to medium grained rocks with average grain size about 0.9-1.2 mm.
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Global distribution of major outcrops of carbonate rocks (mainly limestone, except evaporites). The English word karst was borrowed from German Karst in the late 19th century, [6] which entered German usage much earlier, [7] to describe a number of geological, geomorphological, and hydrological features found within the range of the Dinaric Alps, stretching from the northeastern corner of ...
Micrite is lime mud, carbonate of mud grade. Micrite as a component of carbonate rocks can occur as a matrix, as micrite envelopes around allochems or as peloids. The origin of micrites is still a problem in carbonate sedimentology due to the non-uniqueness of the processes generating it. [3] Micrite can be generated through multiple processes.
Cap carbonates are found on most continents. [4] They are typically 3–30 meters thick, laminated structures. They are depleted in 13 C compared to other carbonates. The progression of late Neoproterozoic glaciations portrayed by substantial δ 13 C deviations in cap carbonates suggest out of control ice albedo.
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility. [1] [2] The term mudstone is also used to describe carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) that are composed predominantly of carbonate mud. [3]