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There can be VLE data for mixtures of four or more components, but such a boiling-point diagram is hard to show in either tabular or graphical form. For such multi-component mixtures, as well as binary mixtures, the vapor–liquid equilibrium data are represented in terms of K values (vapor–liquid distribution ratios) [1] [2] defined by
= the vapor–liquid equilibrium concentration of component in the vapor phase = the vapor–liquid equilibrium concentration of component in the liquid phase (/) = Henry's law constant (also called the K value or vapor-liquid distribution ratio) of a component
The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.
In thermodynamics, an activity coefficient is a factor used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour. [1] In an ideal mixture, the microscopic interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or macroscopically equivalent, the enthalpy change of solution and volume variation in mixing is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures ...
J/(mol K) Liquid properties Standard enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid: −460 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 166.9 J/(mol·K) Heat capacity, c p: 149.5 J/(mol·K) Gas properties Standard enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o gas: −3955.4 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o gas: 311.8 J/(mol·K) Heat capacity, c p: 78 ...
This should be kept in mind when using cubic equations in calculations, e.g., of vapor-liquid equilibrium. In 1972 G. Soave [ 4 ] replaced the 1 T {\textstyle {\frac {1}{\sqrt {T}}}} term of the Redlich–Kwong equation with a function α ( T , ω ) involving the temperature and the acentric factor (the resulting equation is also known as the ...
The decrease in zero-point energy due to deuterium substitution will then be more important for R'–H than for R–H, and R'–D will be stabilized more than R–D, so that the equilibrium constant K D for R' + D–R ⇌ R'–D + R is greater than K H. This is summarized in the rule the heavier atom favors the stronger bond. [19]
The NRTL parameter set to use depends on the kind of phase equilibrium (i.e. solid–liquid (SL), liquid–liquid (LL), vapor–liquid (VL)). In the case of the description of a vapor–liquid equilibria it is necessary to know which saturated vapor pressure of the pure components was used and whether the gas phase was treated as an ideal or a ...