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The return value from a function is provided within the function by making an assignment to an identifier with the same name as the function. [5] However, some versions of Pascal provide a special function Exit(exp); that can be used to return a value immediately from a function, or, without parameters, to return immediately from a procedure. [6]
Function annotations (type hints) are defined in PEP 3107. [32] They allow attaching data to the arguments and return of a function. The behaviour of annotations is not defined by the language, and is left to third party frameworks. For example, a library could be written to handle static typing: [32]
The term closure is often used as a synonym for anonymous function, though strictly, an anonymous function is a function literal without a name, while a closure is an instance of a function, a value, whose non-local variables have been bound either to values or to storage locations (depending on the language; see the lexical environment section below).
The keyword Sub is used to return no value and Function to return a value. When used in the context of a class, a procedure is a method. [27] Each parameter has a data type that can be specified, but if not, defaults to Object for later versions based on .NET and variant for VB6. [28]
In a statement such as while ((ch = getchar ())!= EOF) {…}, the return value of a function is used to control a loop while assigning that same value to a variable. In other programming languages, Scheme for example, the return value of an assignment is undefined and such idioms are invalid.
map function, found in many functional programming languages, is one example of a higher-order function. It takes as arguments a function f and a collection of elements, and as the result, returns a new collection with f applied to each element from the collection.
In computer programming, a pure function is a function that has the following properties: [1] [2]. the function return values are identical for identical arguments (no variation with local static variables, non-local variables, mutable reference arguments or input streams, i.e., referential transparency), and
The Algol family has allowed nested functions and higher-order taking function as arguments, but not higher-order functions that return functions as results (except Algol 68, which allows this). The reason for this was that it was not known how to deal with non-local variables if a nested-function was returned as a result (and Algol 68 produces ...