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[4] [11] Because of the relatively smooth water surface, wind speeds do not decrease as much close to the sea as they do on land. [12] Over a city or rough terrain, the wind gradient effect could cause a reduction of 40% to 50% of the geostrophic wind speed aloft; while over open water or ice, the reduction may be only 20% to 30%. [13] [14]
An anemometer is commonly used to measure wind speed. Global distribution of wind speed at 10m above ground averaged over the years 1981–2010 from the CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ data set [1] In meteorology, wind speed, or wind flow speed, is a fundamental atmospheric quantity caused by air moving from high to low pressure, usually due to changes in ...
In sailing, apparent wind is the speed and direction of wind indicated by a wind instrument on a moving craft (on water, land or ice) in undisturbed air. It is composed of the combined speeds and directions of the craft and wind observed by a stationary wind instrument—the true wind. A true wind coming from the bow increases the apparent wind ...
Conditions necessary for a fully developed sea at given wind speeds, and the parameters of the resulting waves Wind conditions Wave size Wind speed in one direction Fetch Wind duration Average height Average wavelength Average period and speed 19 km/h (12 mph) 19 km (12 mi) 2 hr: 0.27 m (0.89 ft) 8.5 m (28 ft) 3.0 sec, 10.2 km/h (9.3 ft/sec)
A short burst of high speed wind is termed a wind gust; one technical definition of a wind gust is: the maxima that exceed the lowest wind speed measured during a ten-minute time interval by 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) for periods of seconds. A squall is an increase of the wind speed above a certain threshold, which lasts for a minute or more.
At times, multiple vortices swirled within the tornado, which lasted for about 45 minutes and traveled about 44 miles. For less than a second, the researchers calculated wind speeds of more than ...
A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a polar coordinate grid, the wind rose shows the frequency of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each spoke around the circle is related to the ...
Likely a faint red star, the object zoomed along at a speed of about 1.3 million miles per hour (600 kilometers per second). In comparison, the sun orbits around the Milky Way at a rate of 450,000 ...