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The 85% fraction is commonly sold at pumps worldwide (outside the US), and when specifically supplied or sold as E85 is always 85% ethanol (at pumps or in barrel). Having a guaranteed ethanol fraction obviates the need for a vehicle system to calculate best engine tune accordingly to maximise performance and economy.
The improvement consists of using dual-fuel direct-injection of pure alcohol (or the azeotrope or E85) and gasoline, in any ratio up to 100% of either, in a turbocharged, high compression-ratio, small-displacement engine having performance similar to an engine having twice the displacement.
E10 can become contaminated by small amounts of water causing phase separation-- the critical level is around the 0.5% mark mentioned in the deleted text-- but E85 does NOT have this problem until relatively high levels of contamination. Ethanol will go into solution with about 5% water, so E10 can hold about 0.5% water by total volume.
Summary of the main ethanol blends used around the world in 2013. Several common ethanol fuel mixtures are in use around the world. The use of pure hydrous or anhydrous ethanol in internal combustion engines (ICEs) is only possible if the engines are designed or modified for that purpose, and used only in automobiles, light-duty trucks and motorcycles.
[23] [24] However, this lower energy content does not translate directly into a 34% reduction in miles per U.S. gallon, because there are many other variables that affect the performance of a particular fuel in a particular engine, though for E85 the effect becomes significant. E85 will produce lower mileage than gasoline, and actual ...
The BMW M54 is a naturally aspirated straight-6 DOHC petrol engine produced from 2000 to 2006. It was released in the E53 X5 [1] and is the replacement for the M52 engine. The S54 is the equivalent high performance engine, used in the E46 M3, the Z3 M Coupé/Roadster and the E85/E86 Z4 M.
Ford, [2] GM, [3] and Chrysler [4] offer the following vehicles in the US that use E85 (different models are available outside the US, depending on the country). E85 FlexFuel Chevrolet HHR LS 2009 (USA). E85 FlexFuel Chevrolet Impala LT 2009 (USA). U.S. E85 FlexFuel Chevrolet Tahoe. Ford E85 Flexfuel E-250 van.
These mixtures have "E" numbers which describe the percentage of ethanol in the mixture, for example, E85 is 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. (See common ethanol fuel mixtures for more information.) Though technology exists to allow ethanol FFVs to run on any mixture up to E100, [ 18 ] [ 19 ] in the U.S. and Europe, flex-fuel vehicles are ...