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Shingles, also known as herpes zoster or zona, [6] is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. [2] [7] Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide mark either on the left or right side of the body or face. [1] Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain in the area.
Famciclovir is a guanosine analogue antiviral drug used for the treatment of various herpesvirus infections, most commonly for herpes zoster (shingles). It is a prodrug form of penciclovir with improved oral bioavailability. Famciclovir is marketed under the trade name Famvir .
Years or decades later, shingles occurs when virions in a single ganglion reactivate, travel down nerve fibres and infect the skin around the nerve. The shingles rash is restricted to the area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve, termed the dermatome. Exactly how VZV remains latent in the body, and subsequently reactivates, is unclear.
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is neuropathic pain that occurs due to damage to a peripheral nerve caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster, also known as shingles). PHN is defined as pain in a dermatomal distribution that lasts for at least 90 days after an outbreak of herpes zoster. [1]
Aciclovir risks causing resistance to antiviral agents, and in 1% to 10% of cases can cause unpleasant side effects. [19] Aciclovir taken by mouth does not appear to decrease the risk of pain after shingles. [20] In those with herpes of the eye, aciclovir may be more effective and safer than idoxuridine. [21]
According to Forbes, there have been 45,000 reported cases of side effects related to fluoroquinolones. 23.1 million patients filled prescriptions for oral flouroquinolones in 2011.
But some research has noted rare but serious side effects of once-weekly, 2.4-milligram (mg) semaglutide injections, such as pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, gallbladder issues, and thyroid cancer.
So the pain is "referred to" the related dermatomes of the same spinal segment. [3] Viruses that lie dormant in nerve ganglia (e.g. varicella zoster virus, which causes both chickenpox and shingles), often cause either pain, rash or both in a pattern defined by a dermatome (a zosteriform pattern). However, the symptoms may not appear across the ...
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