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After restarting, it shows a message for a few seconds informing the user that a problem caused the computer to restart, before continuing to boot. The message now includes a Chinese translation. If five new kernel panics occur within three minutes of the first one, the Mac will display a prohibitory sign for thirty seconds, and then shut down ...
The magic SysRq key is a key combination understood by the Linux kernel, which allows the user to perform various low-level commands regardless of the system's state. It is often used to recover from freezes , or to reboot a computer without corrupting the filesystem . [ 1 ]
When debugging a concurrent and distributed system of systems, a bootloop (also called boot loop or boot-loop) is a diagnostic condition of an erroneous state that occurs on computing devices; when those devices repeatedly fail to complete the booting process and restart before a boot sequence is finished, a restart might prevent a user from ...
The second-stage loader (stage2, the /boot/grub/ files) is loaded by the stage1.5 and displays the GRUB startup menu that allows the user to choose an operating system or examine and edit startup parameters. After a menu entry is chosen and optional parameters are given, GRUB loads the linux kernel into memory and passes control to it.
After the Linux kernel has booted, the /sbin/init program reads the /etc/inittab file to determine the behavior for each runlevel. Unless the user specifies another value as a kernel boot parameter , the system will attempt to enter (start) the default runlevel.
The Linux kernel has a "no-hlt" option telling Linux to run an infinite loop instead of using HLT, which allows users of these broken chips to use Linux. [16] The 80286 has the undocumented opcode 0F 04, causing the CPU to hang when executed. The only way out is a CPU reset.
Bypassing a real reboot may leave devices in an unknown state, and the new kernel will have to recover from that. Support for allowing only signed kernels to be booted through kexec was merged into version 3.17 of the Linux kernel mainline, which was released on October 5, 2014. [3]
One of the original and now most common means of application checkpointing was a "save state" feature in interactive applications, in which the user of the application could save the state of all variables and other data and either continue working or exit the application and restart the application and restore the saved state at a later time.