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Map showing the British Empire in 1886 (before expansion in Africa) The Imperial Federation was a series of proposals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to create a federal union to replace the existing British Empire, presenting it as an alternative to colonial imperialism.
The Colony of Victoria was a historical administrative division in Australia that existed from 1851 until 1901, when it federated with other colonies to form the Commonwealth of Australia. Situated in the southeastern corner of the Australian continent , Victoria played a significant role in the country's colonial history and development.
The Australian population increased from 430,000 in 1851 to 1,170,000 in 1861. Victoria became the most populous colony and Melbourne the largest city. [2] [3] Chinese migration was a particular concern for colonial officials. There were 20,000 Chinese miners on the Victorian goldfields by 1855 and 13,000 on the New South Wales diggings.
The Colony of Victoria, becoming the state of Victoria; The Colony of Western Australia, becoming the state of Western Australia; Parliament met in Melbourne until the federal capital could be built. [40] 1 September 1906 British New Guinea was transferred from the United Kingdom, becoming the Territory of Papua. [41] [42] 1 January 1911
In ten years the population of Victoria increased sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000. All sorts of gold records were produced including the "richest shallow alluvial goldfield in the world" and the largest gold nugget. Victoria produced in the decade 1851–1860, twenty million ounces of gold, one third of the world's output.
In 1963, the 11 states of the federation together with Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo joined to form Malaysia, but in 1965 Chinese-majority Singapore was expelled from the union following tensions between the Malay and Chinese populations and became an independent city-state. [210]
City status is granted by the monarch on advice from government ministers, which since 2022 has been Charles III. British overseas cities on British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are remaining key places of the former far-reaching British Empire, which was a vast holding of many regions, countries, protectorates and territories.
On 31 December 1900, the day before Federation, a survey of the strength of colonial forces found that the Victorian colonial forces consisted of 301 officers and 6,034 other ranks. [69] Shortly after Federation, on 1 March 1901, the units of the Victorian forces were transferred to the Australian Army.