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Ludwigia alternifolia, commonly known as seedbox, [4] bushy seedbox, [2] rattlebox, [5] and square-pod water-primrose, [6] is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Onagraceae (evening primrose family). [7] It is native to central and eastern North America, growing in marshes, wet meadows, and swamps.
The seeds are poisonous, containing the toxin sesbanimide. Animals raised with the plant learn to avoid it because of the foul taste of the green and flowering plants. However, naive cattle, goats or sheep placed on pastures containing dried plants in late fall and winter are frequently poisoned. Sick animals often die within 24 hours.
Buxus sempervirens, the common box, European box, or boxwood, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Buxus, native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia, from southern England south to northern Morocco, and east through the northern Mediterranean region to Turkey.
Box plants are commonly grown as hedges and for topiary. In Britain and mainland Europe, box is subject to damage from caterpillars of Cydalima perspectalis which can devastate a box hedge within a short time. This is a recently introduced species first noticed in Europe in 2007 and in the UK in 2008 but spreading.
On average, a single plant can produce 100–300 pods. The immature pods are a yellow or green. As the season progresses, they turn a darker green, eventually becoming dark brown. Seedpods often stay on the plant far into the winter, and the seeds rattle when shaken by the wind, giving the plant its common name of “rattlebox”. [5] [9] [11] [13]
Acer negundo, also known as the box elder, boxelder maple, Manitoba maple or ash-leaved maple, is a species of maple native to North America from Canada to Honduras. [3] It is a fast-growing, short-lived tree with opposite, ash-like compound leaves.
Ludwigia hyssopifolia, called seedbox and linear leaf water primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Ludwigia, native to the New World Tropics and widely introduced to the rest of the world's tropics. [2] A serious weed of rice paddies, a single plant can produce 250,000 seeds. [3]
Sarcococca confusa, the sweet box, is a species of flowering plant in the family Buxaceae, probably native to western China. [1] It is an evergreen shrub growing to 2 m (7 ft) tall by 1 m (3 ft) broad, with glossy green ovate leaves and honey-scented [ 2 ] white flowers in winter, followed by glossy black spherical fruits, 5 mm in diameter.