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Kohli and Jaworski consider market orientation as the implementation of the marketing concept, whereas Carver and Slater consider it to be an organizational culture. According to the former authors, the marketing concept is a business philosophy, whereas the term market orientation refers to the actual implementation of the marketing concept.
Marginalism is a theory of economics that attempts to explain the discrepancy in the value of goods and services by reference to their secondary, or marginal, utility. It states that the reason why the price of diamonds is higher than that of water, for example, owes to the greater additional satisfaction of the diamonds over the water.
Managers can make business decisions on the output level based on this analysis in order to maximize the profit of the firm. Marginal Analysis is considered the one of the chief tools in managerial economics which involves comparison between marginal benefits and marginal costs to come up with optimal variable decisions.
However, marginal costs of production do not rise as rapidly as marginal costs of advertising, quality and other non-price variables. Therefore, the more common and plausible view would be that the marginal non-price variable cost is larger than the marginal price-reduction cost, if the firm was an initial monopolist. [11]
The marginal revenue curve is affected by the same factors as the demand curve – changes in income, changes in the prices of complements and substitutes, changes in populations, etc. [15] These factors can cause the MR curve to shift and rotate. [16] Marginal revenue curve differs under perfect competition and imperfect competition (monopoly ...
Hence, a monopolist's profit maximising quantity is where marginal cost equals marginal revenue. At this point: Output is below the level of a perfectly competitive market; but; Price is above marginal cost. [10] A firm is a Monopsonist if it faces small levels, or no competition in ONE of its output markets.
The term “marginal cost” may refer to an opportunity cost at the margin, or more narrowly to marginal pecuniary cost — that is to say marginal cost measured by forgone cash flow. Other marginal concepts include (but are not limited to): marginal physical product (sometimes also known as “marginal product”) marginal product of labor
The marginal utility, or the change in subjective value above the existing level, diminishes as gains increase. [17] As the rate of commodity acquisition increases, the marginal utility decreases. If commodity consumption continues to rise, the marginal utility will eventually reach zero, and the total utility will be at its maximum.
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