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Attalus I (Ancient Greek: Ἄτταλος ' Attalos '), surnamed Soter (Greek: Σωτήρ, ' Savior '; 269–197 BC), [2] was the ruler of the Greek polis of Pergamon (modern-day Bergama, Turkey) and the larger Pergamene Kingdom from 241 BC to 197 BC.
The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor from its capital city of Pergamon. It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty ( / ˈ æ t əl ɪ d / ; Greek : Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών , romanized : Dynasteía ton ...
Attalus II Philadelphus (Greek: Ἄτταλος ὁ Φιλάδελφος, Attalos II Philadelphos, which means "Attalus the brother-loving"; 220–138 BC) was a ruler of the Attalid kingdom of Pergamon and the founder of the city of Attalia. Attalos II statue in Antalya
His family ruled Pergamon from 281 until 133 BC: Philetaerus 281–263; Eumenes I 263–241; Attalus I 241–197; Eumenes II 197–159; Attalus II 159–138; and Attalus III 138–133. Philetaerus controlled only Pergamon and its immediate environs, but the city acquired much new territory under Eumenes I.
Attalus III was the son of king Eumenes II and his queen Stratonice of Pergamon, and he was the nephew of Attalus II, whom he succeeded."Philometor Euergetes" means "Loving-his-Mother, Benefactor" in Greek; he was so-called because of his close relationship with his mother Stratonice.
The reconstructed Pergamon Altar in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. Side view Carl Humann's 1881 plan of the Pergamon acropolis. The Pergamon Altar (Ancient Greek: Βωμός τῆς Περγάμου) was a monumental construction built during the reign of the Ancient Greek King Eumenes II in the first half of the 2nd century BC on one of the terraces of the acropolis of Pergamon in Asia Minor ...
Attalus I was the first Pergamene ruler who dared to go against this precedent. [4] The stoppage of payment led to a military mobilization by both the Pergamenes and the Galatians, eventually leading to war between the two parties. Attalus I's reign began in 241 BC, giving the earliest possible date for this battle to have occurred.
Quickly after Attalus III's death, Aristonicus took control of the mints and issued cistophoric tetradrachms under his own authority. This example is dated between 133 and 131 BC. [4] [5] Attalus III was the king of Pergamon until his death in early 133 BC. [6] His will included a provision bequeathing the Pergamene kingdom to the Roman people.