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Neon has a high first ionization potential of 21.564 eV, which is only exceeded by that of helium (24.587 eV), requiring too much energy to make stable ionic compounds. Neon's polarisability of 0.395 Å 3 is the second lowest of any element (only helium's is more extreme).
In physics, the Saha ionization equation is an expression that relates the ionization state of a gas in thermal equilibrium to the temperature and pressure. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The equation is a result of combining ideas of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics and is used to explain the spectral classification of stars.
Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with approximately two-thirds the density of air. Neon was discovered in 1898 alongside krypton and xenon, identified as one of the three remaining rare inert elements in dry air after the removal of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide.
Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. [2] [3] It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889. [4]
As examples, several Fano resonances in the extreme ultraviolet photoionization spectrum of neon are attributed to autoionizing states. [2] Some are due to one-electron excitations, such as a series of three strong similarly shaped peaks at energies of 45.546, 47.121 and 47.692 eV which are interpreted as 1s 2 2s 1 2p 6 np (1 P) states for n = 3, 4 and 5.
The ion mass is expressed in units of the proton mass, = / and the ion charge in units of the elementary charge, = / (in the case of a fully ionized atom, equals to the respective atomic number). The other physical quantities used are the Boltzmann constant ( k B {\displaystyle k_{\text{B}}} ), speed of light ( c {\displaystyle c} ), and the ...
Atomic numbers (Z) are a special case of charge numbers, referring to the charge number of an atomic nucleus, as opposed to the net charge of an atom or ion. The charge numbers for ions (and also subatomic particles ) are written in superscript, e.g., Na + is a sodium ion with charge number positive one (an electric charge of one elementary ...
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.