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Envelope glycoprotein GP120 (or gp120) is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope. It was discovered by Professors Tun-Hou Lee and Myron "Max" Essex of the Harvard School of Public Health in 1984. [1] The 120 in its name comes from its molecular weight of 120 kDa.
The genome and proteins of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the virus in 1983. [1] [2] "In the search for the causative agent, it was initially believed that the virus was a form of the Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), which was known at the time to affect the human immune system and cause certain leukemias.
Env is a viral gene that encodes the protein forming the viral envelope. [1] The expression of the env gene enables retroviruses to target and attach to specific cell types, and to infiltrate the target cell membrane. [2] Analysis of the structure and sequence of several different env genes suggests that Env proteins are type 1 fusion machines. [3]
Gp41 also known as glycoprotein 41 is a subunit of the envelope protein complex of retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Gp41 is a transmembrane protein that contains several sites within its ectodomain that are required for infection of host cells.
The viral envelope contains proteins from the host cell and relatively few copies of the HIV envelope protein, [25] which consists of a cap made of three molecules known as glycoprotein (gp) 120, and a stem consisting of three gp41 molecules that anchor the structure into the viral envelope. [26] [27] The envelope protein, encoded by the HIV ...
Structural proteins listed by size: Gp120 surface envelope protein SU, encoded by the viral gene env. 120000 Da . Gp41 transmembrane envelope protein TM, also encoded by the viral gene env. 41000 Da. P24 capsid protein CA, encoded by the viral gene gag. 24000 Da. P17 matrix protein MA, also encoded by gag. 17000 Da.
Peptide T is an HIV entry inhibitor discovered in 1986 by Candace Pert and Michael Ruff, a US neuroscientist and immunologist. [1] Peptide T, and its modified analog Dala1-peptide T-amide (DAPTA), a drug in clinical trials, is a short peptide derived from the HIV envelope protein gp120 which blocks binding [2] and infection [3] of viral strains which use the CCR5 receptor to infect cells.
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein structure is essential in enabling the viral entry of HIV-1 into a target host cell. [29] The envelope glycoprotein structure consists of two protein subunits cleaved from a Gp160 protein precursor encoded for by the HIV-1 env gene: the Gp120 external subunit and the Gp41 transmembrane subunit. [29]
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