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  2. Public finance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_finance

    Public finance refers to the monetary resources available to governments and also to the study of finance within government and role of the government in the economy. [1] As a subject of study, it is the branch of economics which assesses the government revenue and government expenditure of the public authorities and the adjustment of one or ...

  3. Theories of taxation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_taxation

    The principle of convenience can be used to guide the design of the tax structure in the following ways: A general tax on benefits - taxing benefits would adjust taxes to each taxpayer's demand for public goods. Given the diversity of preferences, a universal tax formula would not be sufficient for all individuals.

  4. Original issue discount - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_issue_discount

    The rules for calculating the original issue discount utilize a compounding interest formula, with the principal recalculated every six months. Section 1272(a) of the tax code requires that the Original Issue Discount is includible in the lender's taxable income at the end of each tax year, or part of the tax year if the loan was not owned for ...

  5. Interest rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest_rate

    The repayment of principal plus interest is measured in real terms compared against the buying power of the amount at the time it was borrowed, lent, deposited or invested. If inflation is 10%, then the $110 in the account at the end of the year has the same purchasing power (that is, buys the same amount) as the $100 had a year ago.

  6. Fund accounting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fund_accounting

    Fixed assets acquired and long-term debts incurred by a capital project are assigned to the government's General Fixed Assets and Long-Term Debts. Debt service funds are used to account for money that will be used to pay the interest and principal of long-term debts. Bonds used by a government to finance major construction projects, to be paid ...

  7. Notional amount - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notional_amount

    In simple terms, the notional principal amount is essentially how much of an asset or bonds a person owns. For example, if a premium bond were bought for £1, then the notional principal amount would be the face value amount of the premium bond that £1 was able to purchase. Hence, the notional principal amount is the quantity of the assets and ...

  8. Principal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal

    Principal (finance) or principal sum, the original amount of a debt or investment on which interest is calculated Principal (bond), the face value of a bond; Principal Financial Group, a life insurance company

  9. Debt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt

    In finance, the theoretical "risk-free interest rate" is often approximated by practitioners by using the current yield of a Treasury of the same duration. The overall level of indebtedness by a government is typically shown as a ratio of debt-to-GDP. This ratio helps to assess the speed of changes in government indebtedness and the size of the ...