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Yugoslavia was a state concept among the South Slavic intelligentsia and later popular masses from the 19th to early 20th centuries that culminated in its realization after the 1918 collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I and the formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Serbian intellectuals dreamed of a South Slavic state—which in the 1920s became Yugoslavia. Serbia was landlocked and strongly felt the need for access to the Mediterranean, preferably through the Adriatic Sea. Austria worked hard to block Serbian access to the sea, for example by helping with the creation of Albania in 1912.
Yugoslavia (/ ˌ j uː ɡ oʊ ˈ s l ɑː v i ə /; lit. ' Land of the South Slavs ') [a] was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 to 1992. It came into existence following World War I, [b] under the name of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from the merger of the Kingdom of Serbia with the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and constituted the ...
The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro [a] or simply Serbia and Montenegro, [b] known until 2003 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia [c] and commonly referred to as FR Yugoslavia (FRY) or simply Yugoslavia, [d] was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia).
Yugoslavia occupied a significant portion of the Balkan Peninsula, including a strip of land on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea, stretching southward from the Bay of Trieste in Central Europe to the mouth of Bojana as well as Lake Prespa inland, and eastward as far as the Iron Gates on the Danube and Midžor in the Balkan Mountains, thus including a large part of Southeast Europe, a region ...
Serbia, [c] officially the Republic of Serbia, [d] is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Southeast and Central Europe, [9] [10] located in the Balkans and the Pannonian Plain. It borders Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, North Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west ...
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs became merged with the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Montenegro to form the nation of Yugoslavia in 1918. The formation of Yugoslavia began with the formation of the Yugoslav Committee, a collection of mostly Croats, then Serbs and later Slovenes, whose goal was to form a single south Slavic state.
The country's official name became the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPR Yugoslavia, FPRY), and the six federated states became "People's Republics". [20] [33] Yugoslavia became a one-party state and was considered in its earliest years a model of Communist orthodoxy. [34]