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Among older adults psychological interventions can help reduce pain and improve self-efficacy for pain management. [61] Psychological treatments have also been shown to be effective in children and teens with chronic headache or mixed chronic pain conditions.
Explanatory model of chronic pain. Chronic pain is defined as reoccurring or persistent pain lasting more than 3 months. [1] The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage". [2]
Pain management is an aspect of medicine and health care involving relief of pain (pain relief, analgesia, pain control) in various dimensions, from acute and simple to chronic and challenging.
Geriatrics, or geriatric medicine, [1] is a medical specialty focused on addressing the unique health needs of older adults [2] The term geriatrics originates from the Greek γέρων geron meaning "old man", and ιατρός iatros meaning "healer". It aims to promote health by preventing, diagnosing and treating disease in older adults. [3]
An analgesic adjuvant is a medication that is typically used for indications other than pain control but provides control of pain in some painful diseases. This is often part of multimodal analgesia, where one of the intentions is to minimize the need for opioids. [1] [2] [3]
Mobility disabilities are not restricted to older and hospitalized individuals; such disabilities have been reported in young and non-hospitalized individuals as well due to decreased functional mobility. [5] The increase in the rate of disability causes loss of functional independence [6] and increases the risk of future chronic diseases. [7]
The most appropriate method depends upon the situation. Management of chronic pain can be difficult and may require the coordinated efforts of a pain management team, which typically includes medical practitioners, clinical pharmacists, clinical psychologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners.
Pain conditions are generally considered "acute" if they last less than six months, and "chronic" if they last six or more months. [4] The neurological or physiological basis for chronic pain disorders is currently unknown; they are not explained by, for example, clinically obtainable evidence of disease or of damage to the painful areas.
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