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Disparate impact in the law of the United States refers to practices in employment, housing, and other areas that adversely affect one group of people of a protected characteristic more than another, even though rules applied by employers or landlords are formally neutral. Although the protected classes vary by statute, most federal civil ...
Case history; Prior: Judgment for defendants, 392 F. Supp. 1276 (E.D. Mo. 1975); reversed, 534 F.2d 805 (8th Cir. 1976); certiorari granted, 429 U.S. 1037 (year).: Holding; In addition to considering the correct relevant labor market in a Title VII disparate-impact case, consider whether the impact that could have been caused by actions taken before Title VII was applied to the employer.
A relevant example of discrimination is the stigma directed to the deliberation of men being considered as victims of rape or sexual-assault. Researchers found myths or misconceptions/biases that obfuscated male victims from being accepted and understood: it is rare, women cannot be perpetrators, only happens in prison, and men do not suffer ...
Discipline is a set of consequences determined by the school district to remedy actions taken by a student that are deemed inappropriate. It is sometimes confused with classroom management, but while discipline is one dimension of classroom management, classroom management is a more general term.
The Pareto principle may apply to fundraising, i.e. 20% of the donors contributing towards 80% of the total. The Pareto principle (also known as the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few and the principle of factor sparsity [1] [2]) states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes (the "vital few"). [1]
Cognitive test scores predict educational performance better than they predict any other outcome, and cognitive testing is pervasive in academics [citation needed].Central policy issues concern the proper role of testing in assessing educational quality and in college admission; efforts to characterize and close the educational achievement gap between racial and socioeconomic groups in the US ...
Disparate impact may also be reflected in access to information about voter ID laws. A 2015 experimental study found that election officials queried about voter ID laws are more likely to respond to emails from a non-Latino white name (70.5% response rate) than a Latino name (64.8% response rate), though response accuracy was similar across ...
There is a 12% probability (0.12 = 0.15 × 0.80) that the blue cab is (correctly) identified by the witness as blue. There is a 17% probability (0.17 = 0.85 × 0.20) that the green cab is (incorrectly) identified by the witness as blue. There is therefore a 29% probability (0.29 = 0.12 + 0.17) that the cab is identified by the witness as blue.