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The history of acid-base titration dates back to the late 19th century when advancements in analytical chemistry fostered the development of systematic techniques for quantitative analysis. [5] The origins of titration methods can be linked to the work of chemists such as Karl Friedrich Mohr in the mid-1800s. [ 5 ]
A typical titration curve of a diprotic acid, oxalic acid, titrated with a strong base, sodium hydroxide.Both equivalence points are visible. Titrations are often recorded on graphs called titration curves, which generally contain the volume of the titrant as the independent variable and the pH of the solution as the dependent variable (because it changes depending on the composition of the ...
A titration curve is a curve in graph the x-coordinate of which represents the volume of titrant added since the beginning of the titration, and the y-coordinate of which represents the concentration of the analyte at the corresponding stage of the titration (in an acid–base titration, the y-coordinate usually represents the pH of the solution).
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In a buffer, a weak acid and its conjugate base (in the form of a salt), or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are used in order to limit the pH change during a titration process. Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications. For example, besides buffers being used in lab processes, human blood acts as a buffer to maintain pH.
For a strong acid-strong base titration monitored by pH, we have at any i'th point in the titration = [+] [] where K w is the water autoprotolysis constant.. If titrating an acid of initial volume and concentration [+] with base of concentration [], then at any i'th point in the titration with titrant volume ,
Measurements, first and second derivative in a potentiometric titration. In analytical chemistry, potentiometric titration is a technique similar to direct titration of a redox reaction. It is a useful means of characterizing an acid. No indicator is used; instead the electric potential is measured across the analyte, typically an electrolyte ...
Non-aqueous acid–base titrations can be carried out advantageously by thermometric means. Acid leach solutions from some copper mines can contain large quantities of Fe(III) as well as Cu(II). The "free acid" (sulfuric acid) content of these leach solutions is a critical process parameter. While thermometric titrimetry can determine the free ...