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  2. Oil painting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_painting

    A basic rule of oil paint application is 'fat over lean', meaning that each additional layer of paint should contain more oil than the layer below to allow proper drying. If each additional layer contains less oil, the final painting will crack and peel. The consistency on the canvas depends on the layering of the oil paint.

  3. Chestnut - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut

    Browning of the chestnut burs at the blossom end may be a first sign in August. At harvest time, blackening of pointed end of the chestnut shell and kernel indicates infection. The extent of blackening can vary. It can range from a barely visible black tip of the kernel to the whole nut being black.

  4. The Nut Gatherers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nut_Gatherers

    The Nut Gatherers (Les Noisettes, literally, The Hazelnuts) is an 1882 oil painting by the French artist William-Adolphe Bouguereau. It is one of the most popular pieces at the Detroit Institute of Arts. The painting was donated to the museum by William E. Scripps in 1954.

  5. Craquelure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craquelure

    Typical French craquelure in a portrait from c. 1750, larger and less regular patterns, with curving cracks. Painting systems are composed of complex layers with unique mechanical properties that depend on the type of drying oil or paint medium used and the presence of paint additives, such as organic solvents, surfactants, and plasticizers.

  6. Gnomoniopsis castaneae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnomoniopsis_castaneae

    Gnomoniopsis castaneae (synonym Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi) is a fungus of the order Diaporthales [2] that is the most important cause of brown chestnut rot, [3] an emerging disease [4] that damages the fruit of chestnuts. It also causes cankers and necrosis on leaves and on chestnut galls caused by the gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus. [5]

  7. Conservation and restoration of paintings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Oil paint is a medium made up of pigments and a drying oil binding agent. Various other ingredients can be mixed in to condition the paint in several ways and modify its various properties and drying. [1] Oil paintings are painted on various surface support types. Oil on canvas, oil on board, and oil on metal are only some examples of oil ...

  8. Oil paint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_paint

    The earliest surviving examples of oil paint have been found in Asia from as early as the 7th century AD, in examples of Buddhist paintings in Afghanistan. Oil-based paints made their way to Europe by the 12th century and were used for simple decoration, mostly on wood, but oil painting did not begin to be adopted as an artistic medium there ...

  9. Tonalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonalism

    Tonalism was an artistic style that emerged in the 1880s when American artists began to paint landscape forms with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist. Between 1880 and 1915, dark, neutral hues such as gray, brown or blue, often dominated compositions by artists associated with the style. [1]