Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
In electrochemistry, the electrochemical potential of electrons (or any other species) is the total potential, including both the (internal, nonelectrical) chemical potential and the electric potential, and is by definition constant across a device in equilibrium, whereas the chemical potential of electrons is equal to the electrochemical ...
In fact, the quantity called voltage as measured in an electronic circuit has a simple relationship to the chemical potential for electrons (Fermi level). When the leads of a voltmeter are attached to two points in a circuit, the displayed voltage is a measure of the total work transferred when a unit charge is allowed to move from one point to ...
The phrase "chemical potential" sometimes means "total chemical potential", but that is not universal. [13] In some fields, in particular electrochemistry, semiconductor physics, and solid-state physics, the term "chemical potential" means internal chemical potential, while the term electrochemical potential is used to mean total chemical ...
In a Fermi gas, the lowest occupied state is taken to have zero kinetic energy, whereas in a metal, the lowest occupied state is typically taken to mean the bottom of the conduction band. The term "Fermi energy" is often used to refer to a different yet closely related concept, the Fermi level (also called electrochemical potential).
μ i is the chemical potential of the ith chemical component. (SI unit: joules per particle [9] or joules per mole [1]) N i is the number of particles (or number of moles) composing the ith chemical component. This is one form of the Gibbs fundamental equation. [10]
Hence, the internal chemical potential, μ-E 0, is approximately equal to the Fermi energy at temperatures that are much lower than the characteristic Fermi temperature T F. This characteristic temperature is on the order of 10 5 K for a metal, hence at room temperature (300 K), the Fermi energy and internal chemical potential are essentially ...
An atom or ion that gives up an electron to another atom or ion has its oxidation state increase, and the recipient of the negatively charged electron has its oxidation state decrease. For example, when atomic sodium reacts with atomic chlorine, sodium donates one electron and attains an oxidation state of +1. Chlorine accepts the electron and ...
The electron affinity (E ea) of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron attaches to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form an anion. X(g) + e − → X − (g) + energy. This differs by sign from the energy change of electron capture ionization. [1]