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During this period, LaCoste and his physics teacher Arnold Romberg invented the first modern seismographs and gravimeters, using steel and quartz (respectively) zero-length springs. While a graduate student, LaCoste decided to go into business together with Romberg, selling advanced gravimeters to oil-exploration companies.
The superconducting gravimeter achieves sensitivities of 10 –11 m·s −2 (one nanogal), approximately one trillionth (10 −12) of the Earth surface gravity. In a demonstration of the sensitivity of the superconducting gravimeter, Virtanen (2006), [ 8 ] describes how an instrument at Metsähovi, Finland, detected the gradual increase in ...
James E. Faller (January 17, 1934 – June 14, 2023) was an American physicist and inventor who specialized in the field of gravity.He conceived the Lunar Laser Ranging Program, the goal of which, was to fire high powered laser beams at special retroreflectors placed on the Moon by Apollo program Astronauts.
The study of magnetism in Ancient China dates to the 4th century BCE (in the Book of the Devil Valley Master). [7] A main contributor to this field was Shen Kuo (1031–1095), a polymath and statesman who was the first to describe the magnetic-needle compass used for navigation, as well as establishing the concept of true north.
The whole landscape of physics was changed with the discovery of Lorentz transformations, and this led to attempts to reconcile it with gravity. At the same time, experimental physicists started testing the foundations of gravity and relativity— Lorentz invariance , the gravitational deflection of light , the Eötvös experiment .
Gravimeter with variant of Repsold pendulum The large increase in gravity measurement accuracy made possible by Kater's pendulum established gravimetry as a regular part of geodesy . To be useful, it was necessary to find the exact location (latitude and longitude) of the 'station' where a gravity measurement was taken, so pendulum measurements ...
1939 – Robert Serber, George Volkoff, Richard Tolman, and J. Robert Oppenheimer study the stability of neutron stars, obtaining the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit. [ 115 ] [ 116 ] [ 114 ] 1939 – J. Robert Oppenheimer and Hartland Snyder publish the Oppenheimer-Snyder model for the continued gravitational contraction of a star.
There is a great deal of speculation in the physics community as to the modifications that might be needed to both general relativity and quantum mechanics in order to unite them consistently. The speculative theory that unites general relativity and quantum mechanics is usually called quantum gravity , prominent examples of which include ...