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  2. Non-economic damages caps - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-economic_damages_caps

    Consequently, the use of preserving a right to civil juries as a rationale for opposing non-economic damages caps is limited to American discourse on the matter. Roughly half of U.S. states have imposed damages caps in medical malpractice litigation. Eleven states impose damages caps for all general tort and personal injury cases. [26]

  3. Liquidated damages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidated_damages

    When damages are not predetermined/assessed in advance, then the amount recoverable is said to be "at large" (to be agreed or determined by a court or tribunal in the event of breach). The purpose of a liquidated damages clause is to increase certainty and avoid the legal costs of determining actual damages later if the contract is breached.

  4. Lien - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lien

    The owner of the property, who grants the lien, is referred to as the lienee [3] and the person who has the benefit of the lien is referred to as the lienor [4] or lien holder. The etymological root is Anglo-French lien or loyen, meaning "bond", "restraint", from the Latin ligamen, from ligare "to bind".

  5. Notice of Intent to Lien - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notice_of_Intent_to_Lien

    In Mechanic's lien law a Notice of Intent to Lien (also known as a Notice of Intent, a Notice of Intent to File a Mechanics Lien, an intent notice, an NOI, or a notice of non-payment) is a type of preliminary notice that warns the property owner, prime contractor, and/or other party on a construction that a mechanics lien or bond claim will be filed unless overdue payments are made within a ...

  6. Statutory damages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutory_damages

    Statutory damages are a damage award in civil law, in which the amount awarded is stipulated within the statute rather than being calculated based on the degree of harm to the plaintiff. Lawmakers will provide for statutory damages for acts in which it is difficult to determine a precise value of the loss suffered by the victim.

  7. Lien waiver - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lien_waiver

    In the mechanics lien process, a lien waiver is a document from a contractor, subcontractor, materials supplier, equipment lessor or other party to the construction project (the claimant) stating they have received payment and waive any future lien rights to the property (of the owner) for the amount paid.

  8. Personal injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_injury

    Damages are categorized as either special or general. In torts, special damages are measurable costs which can be itemized such as medical expenses, lost earnings, and property damages whereas general damages include less measurable costs such as pain and suffering, loss of consortium, the effects of defamation, and emotional distress. Personal ...

  9. Mechanic's lien - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanic's_lien

    A lien release, also known as a release of lien or a cancellation of lien, is a document that may be voluntarily provided by a lien claimant, such as a subcontractor, in exchange for payment or a promise of payment from a general contractor or a property owner. Negotiations may be tricky, as lien claimants generally want to be paid before they ...