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However, SELECT COUNT(*) can't count the number of null columns. The query is unselective The number of return rows is too large and takes nearly 100% in the whole table. These rows are unselective. The table statistics does not update The number of rows in the table is higher than before, but table statistics haven't been updated yet. The ...
PL/SQL refers to a class as an "Abstract Data Type" (ADT) or "User Defined Type" (UDT), and defines it as an Oracle SQL data-type as opposed to a PL/SQL user-defined type, allowing its use in both the Oracle SQL Engine and the Oracle PL/SQL engine. The constructor and methods of an Abstract Data Type are written in PL/SQL.
A scalar function returns only one value (or NULL), whereas a table function returns a (relational) table comprising zero or more rows, each row with one or more columns. Functions must return a value (using the RETURN keyword), but for stored procedures this is not mandatory.
The input and output domains may be the same, such as for SUM, or may be different, such as for COUNT. Aggregate functions occur commonly in numerous programming languages, in spreadsheets, and in relational algebra. The listagg function, as defined in the SQL:2016 standard [2] aggregates data from multiple rows into a single concatenated string.
The OFFSET clause specifies the number of rows to skip before starting to return data. The FETCH FIRST clause specifies the number of rows to return. Some SQL databases instead have non-standard alternatives, e.g. LIMIT, TOP or ROWNUM. The clauses of a query have a particular order of execution, [5] which is denoted by the number on the right ...
This is also known as a Vertical Partition in some database terms, restricting query output to view only specified fields or columns. With the same table, the query SELECT * FROM T WHERE C1 = 1 will result in all the elements of all the rows where the value of column C1 is '1' being shown – in relational algebra terms, a selection will be ...
Oracle Database provides information about all of the tables, views, columns, and procedures in a database. This information about information is known as metadata. [1] It is stored in two locations: data dictionary tables (accessed via built-in views) and a metadata registry.
In other databases, alternatives to express the same query (other queries that return the same results) can be tried. Some query tools can generate embedded hints in the query, for use by the optimizer. Some databases - like Oracle - provide a plan table for query tuning. This plan table will return the cost and time for executing a query.