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An important parameter in fate of the universe theory is the density parameter, omega (), defined as the average matter density of the universe divided by a critical value of that density. This selects one of three possible geometries depending on whether Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } is equal to, less than, or greater than 1 {\displaystyle 1} .
In physical cosmology, the Big Rip is a hypothetical cosmological model concerning the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the matter of the universe, from stars and galaxies to atoms and subatomic particles, and even spacetime itself, is progressively torn apart by the expansion of the universe at a certain time in the future, until distances between particles will infinitely increase.
In the 1970s, the future of an expanding universe was studied by the astrophysicist Jamal Islam [12] and the physicist Freeman Dyson. [13] Then, in their 1999 book The Five Ages of the Universe, the astrophysicists Fred Adams and Gregory Laughlin divided the past and future history of an expanding universe into five eras.
The heat death of the universe (also known as the Big Chill or Big Freeze) [1] [2] is a hypothesis on the ultimate fate of the universe, which suggests the universe will evolve to a state of no thermodynamic free energy, and will therefore be unable to sustain processes that increase entropy.
Big Crunch – Hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe; Big Freeze – Possible fate of the universe; Big Rip – Cosmological model; Black hole – Region that has a no-return boundary; Eternal return – Concept that the universe and all existence is perpetually recurring
The Big Crunch is a hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the expansion of the universe eventually reverses and the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach absolute zero, an event potentially followed by a reformation of the universe starting with another Big Bang.
However, it may still be possible to determine the expansion of the universe through the study of hypervelocity stars. [134] 1.05×10 12 (1.05 trillion) The estimated time by which the universe will have expanded by a factor of more than 10 26, reducing the average particle density to less than one particle per cosmological horizon volume ...
Origin and fate of the universe: How did the conditions for anything to exist arise? Is there potentially an infinite amount of unknown astronomical phenomena throughout our entire universe? Is the universe heading toward a Big Freeze, a Big Rip, a Big Crunch, or a Big Bounce, or is it part of an infinitely recurring cyclic model? Multiverse: