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The columns in a candidate key are called prime attributes, [3] and a column that does not occur in any candidate key is called a non-prime attribute. Every relation without NULL values will have at least one candidate key: Since there cannot be duplicate rows, the set of all columns is a superkey, and if that is not minimal, some subset of ...
A database relation (e.g. a database table) is said to meet third normal form standards if all the attributes (e.g. database columns) are functionally dependent on solely a key, except the case of functional dependency whose right hand side is a prime attribute (an attribute which is strictly included into some key).
It is in first normal form. It does not have any non-prime attribute that is functionally dependent on any proper subset of any candidate key of the relation (i.e. it lacks partial dependencies). A non-prime attribute of a relation is an attribute that is not a part of any candidate key of the relation. Put simply, a relation (or table) is in ...
Every non-trivial functional dependency either begins with a superkey or ends with a prime attribute (attributes depend only on candidate keys) [5] Every non-trivial functional dependency either begins with a superkey or ends with an elementary prime attribute (a stricter form of 3NF) —
In the Today's court bookings table, there are no non-prime attributes: that is, all attributes belong to some candidate key. Therefore, the table adheres to both 2NF and 3NF. The table does not adhere to BCNF. This is because of the dependency Rate type → Court in which the determining attribute is Rate type, on which Court depends.
Normalization (to first normal form) is a process where attributes with non-simple domains are extracted to separate stand-alone relations. The extracted relations are amended with foreign keys referring to the primary key of the relation which contained it. The process can be applied recursively to non-simple domains nested in multiple levels. [4]
There is no B → A relationship. B → C direct dependency relationship exists. Then the functional dependency A → C is a transitive dependency (which follows the axiom of transitivity). In database normalization, one of the important features of third normal form is that it excludes certain types of transitive dependencies.
For example, an JSON or XML database might support duplicate records and intrinsic ordering. Such database can be described as non-relational. But there are also database models which support the relational view, but does not embrace first normal form. [4] Such models are called non-first normal form relations (abbreviated NFR, N1NF or NF 2).