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The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh [a] (/ t ɑː ˈ n ɑː x /; [1] Hebrew: תַּנַ״ךְ tanaḵ, תָּנָ״ךְ tānāḵ or תְּנַ״ךְ tənaḵ) also known in Hebrew as Miqra (/ m iː ˈ k r ɑː /; Hebrew: מִקְרָא miqrāʾ), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.
For Christians, the Bible refers to the Old Testament and the New Testament.The Protestant Old Testament is largely identical to what Jews call the Bible; the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Old Testament (held to by some Protestants as well) is based on the prevailing first century Greek translation of the Jewish Bible, the Septuagint.
One of its most significant verses is Deuteronomy 6:4, [39] the Shema Yisrael, which has become the definitive statement of Jewish identity: "Hear, O Israel: the L ORD our God, the L ORD is one." Verses 6:4–5 were also quoted by Jesus in Mark 12:28–34 [ 40 ] as part of the Great Commandment .
All five of these megillot ("scrolls") are traditionally read publicly in the synagogue over the course of the year in many Jewish communities. [4] In common printed editions of the Tanakh they appear in the order that they are read in the synagogue on holidays (beginning with Passover). [2]: p. 226
In 1957 Joseph Gaer produced an abridged translation called The Jewish Bible for Family Reading. Influenced by biblical source criticism and the documentary hypothesis , Gaer moved all "duplications, specifications, detailed descriptions of rituals and genealogies" to a summary in an appendix; made a separate appendix summary of the Torah's ...
The result is a reading similar to the Amplified Bible. [16] [17] Orthodox Jewish Bible: The Orthodox Jewish Bible (OJB), completed by Phillip Goble in 2002, is an English language version which applies Yiddish and Hasidic cultural expressions to the Messianic Bible. [18] Goble is also responsible for The Yiddish Orthodox Jewish Bible ...
Leningrad/Petrograd Codex text sample, portions of Exodus 15:21-16:3. A Hebrew Bible manuscript is a handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) made on papyrus, parchment, or paper, and written in the Hebrew language (some of the biblical text and notations may be in Aramaic).
The first division of the Jewish Bible is the Torah, meaning ' Instruction ' or ' Law '. In scholarly literature, it is frequently called by its Greek name, the Pentateuch (' five scrolls '). It is the group of five books made up of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy and stands first in all versions of the Christian Old Testament.