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Geographic coordinate conversion has applications in cartography, surveying, navigation and geographic information systems. In geodesy, geographic coordinate conversion is defined as translation among different coordinate formats or map projections all referenced to the same geodetic datum. [1]
From 1901 to 1911, the USCGS established several triangulation networks across the country which had different origins. In 1911, these different networks on different datums and with different origins were consolidated into one nationwide network and the Luzon Datum was established with triangulation station Balanacan as its datum origin.
The WGS 84 datum surface is an oblate spheroid with equatorial radius a = 6 378 137 m at the equator and flattening f = 1 ⁄ 298.257 223 563. The refined value of the WGS 84 gravitational constant (mass of Earth's atmosphere included) is GM = 3.986 004 418 × 10 14 m 3 /s 2. The angular velocity of the Earth is defined to be ω = 72.921 15 × ...
A WKT format is defined to describe the operation methods and parameters used to convert or transform coordinates between two different coordinate reference systems. The WKT 1 and WKT 2 formats are incompatible regarding coordinate operations, because of differences in the modelling. [13]
A geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame, or terrestrial reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame for unambiguously representing the position of locations on Earth by means of either geodetic coordinates (and related vertical coordinates) or geocentric coordinates. [1]
The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass.
The definition of NAD 83(1986) is based on the GRS 80 spheroid, as was WGS 84, so many older publications indicate no difference. WGS 84 subsequently changed to a slightly less flattened spheroid . This change in flattening is about 0.1 mm, a difference so small that computational programs often do not distinguish between the two ellipsoids. [ 13 ]
Using it, it becomes possible to convert regional surveying points into the WGS84 locations used by GPS. For example, starting with the Gauss–Krüger coordinate, x and y, plus the height, h, are converted into 3D values in steps: Undo the map projection: calculation of the ellipsoidal latitude, longitude and height (W, L, H)