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The theoretical study of time travel generally follows the laws of general relativity. Quantum mechanics requires physicists to solve equations describing how probabilities behave along closed timelike curves (CTCs), which are theoretical loops in spacetime that might make it possible to travel through time. [1] [2] [3] [4]
A common example of quantum numbers is the possible state of an electron in a central potential: (,,,), which corresponds to the eigenstate of observables (in terms of ), (magnitude of angular momentum), (angular momentum in -direction), and .
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science.
While quantum formulations of CTCs have been proposed, [5] [6] a strong challenge to them is their ability to freely create entanglement, [7] which quantum theory predicts is impossible. If Deutsch's prescription holds, the existence of these CTCs implies also equivalence of quantum and classical computation (both in PSPACE ). [ 8 ]
A quantum theory in which time is a quantum variable with a discrete spectrum, and which is nevertheless consistent with special relativity, was proposed by Chen Ning Yang in 1947. [2] Henry Margenau in 1950 suggested that the chronon might be the time for light to travel the classical radius of an electron. [3]
The interacting-multiple-universes approach is a variation of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics that involves time travelers arriving in a different universe than the one from which they came; it has been argued that, since travelers arrive in a different universe's history and not their history, this is not "genuine" time ...
Quantum time reversal seemed impossible due to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, but scientists finally fit the classic square peg into the quantum round hole.
The thermal time hypothesis is a possible solution to the problem of time in classical and quantum theory as has been put forward by Carlo Rovelli and Alain Connes. Physical time flow is modeled as a fundamental property of the theory, a macroscopic feature of thermodynamical origin. [31] [32]