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The Spanish transition to democracy, known in Spain as la Transición (IPA: [la tɾansiˈθjon]; ' the Transition ') or la Transición española (' the Spanish Transition '), is a period of modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system, in the form of constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I.
In the history of contemporary Spain, the death of caudillo Francisco Franco on 20 November 1975 marked the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy, the establishment of the parliamentary monarchy and the subsequent accession of King Juan Carlos I to the throne.
Spanish transition to democracy: The transition began. 1977: 15 June: First democratic election since 1934. 1978: 27 December: The Spanish Constitution of 1978 was signed by the King. Autonomous communities of Spain: 1981: Spanish society after the democratic transition: A democratic society was established. 23 February
The Law for Political Reform (Ley de Reforma Política) of 1977, last of the Fundamental Laws and passed after Franco's death, started the Spanish transition to democracy. Constitution of 1978: 1978–present Constitutional monarchy Parliamentary democracy with bicameral, elective parliament. Currently in force.
Transition to democracy (1975–1978) Current constitution (1978) 1981 coup d'état attempt; Madrid train bombings (2004) 2008–2014 financial crisis; 2017 Barcelona attacks; Catalan declaration of independence (2017) COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022)
It is one of the key events in the Spanish Transition. The Act was passed on 18 November 1976, by the Francoist Parliament and then overwhelmingly approved by referendum one month later. It was the last of the Fundamental Laws of the Francoist State. [3] Six months later, Spain celebrated its first democratic elections since 1936. [4]
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Following the death of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco, who had ruled over the country for 36 years, and the beginnings of the Spanish transition to democracy, rumours had been circulating for some time in 1977 about the possibility of a Spanish request for membership of the EEC. [16]