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Drugs or pharmaceutical agents inducing ototoxicity are regarded as ototoxic medications. Anatomy of the human ear There is a wide range of ototoxic medications, for example, antibiotics , antimalarials , chemotherapeutic agents , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and loop diuretics . [ 2 ]
However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior. The development of antibiotics has had a profound effect on the health of people for many years. Also, both people and animals have used antibiotics to treat infections and diseases. In practice, both treat bacterial infections. [1]
Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug. The effects of ototoxicity can be reversible and temporary, or irreversible and permanent. It has been recognized since the 19th century. [1]
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The incidence of inner ear toxicity varies from 7 to 90%, depending on the types of antibiotics used, susceptibility of the patient to such antibiotics, and the duration of antibiotic administration. [20] Another serious and disabling side effect of aminoglycoside use is vestibular ototoxicity. [19]
Clarithromycin, sold under the brand name Biaxin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. [6] This includes strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, H. pylori infection, and Lyme disease, among others. [6] Clarithromycin can be taken by mouth as a tablet or liquid or can be infused intravenously. [6]
Side effects may only last for a short time and then go away. Side effects can be relieved in some cases with non pharmacological treatment. [4] Some side effects require treatment to correct potentially serious and sometimes fatal reactions to penicillin. Penicillin has not been found to cause birth defects. [5]
Topical formulations may be used in burns or for infections of the outside of the eye. [6] It is often only used for two days until bacterial cultures determine what specific antibiotics the infection is sensitive to. [7] The dose required should be monitored by blood testing. [5] Gentamicin can cause inner ear problems and kidney problems. [5]