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Animated example of multi-digit long division. A divisor of any number of digits can be used. In this example, 1260257 is to be divided by 37. First the problem is set up as follows: 37)1260257 Digits of the number 1260257 are taken until a number greater than or equal to 37 occurs. So 1 and 12 are less than 37, but 126 is greater.
Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.
The sum of two numbers is unique; there is only one correct answer for a sums. [8] When the sum of a pair of digits results in a two-digit number, the "tens" digit is referred to as the "carry digit". [9] In elementary arithmetic, students typically learn to add whole numbers and may also learn about topics such as negative numbers and fractions.
The number q is called the quotient, while r is called the remainder. (For a proof of this result, see Euclidean division. For algorithms describing how to calculate the remainder, see Division algorithm.) The remainder, as defined above, is called the least positive remainder or simply the remainder. [2]
For division to always yield one number rather than an integer quotient plus a remainder, the natural numbers must be extended to rational numbers or real numbers. In these enlarged number systems , division is the inverse operation to multiplication, that is a = c / b means a × b = c , as long as b is not zero.
In mathematics, students are usually introduced to multiplication and division facts, place value to thousands or ten thousands, and estimation.Depending on the elementary school, third grade students may even begin to work on long division, such as dividings in the double digits, hundreds, and thousands.
Sigma function: Sums of powers of divisors of a given natural number. Euler's totient function: Number of numbers coprime to (and not bigger than) a given one. Prime-counting function: Number of primes less than or equal to a given number. Partition function: Order-independent count of ways to write a given positive integer as a sum of positive ...
In algebra, polynomial long division is an algorithm for dividing a polynomial by another polynomial of the same or lower degree, a generalized version of the familiar arithmetic technique called long division. It can be done easily by hand, because it separates an otherwise complex division problem into smaller ones.
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