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Recent research has shown that autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) is a result of the immune system attacking the parietal cells. [6]Environmental metaplastic atrophic gastritis (EMAG) is due to environmental factors, such as diet and H. pylori infection.
Gastritis is the inflammation of the lining of the stomach. [1] It may occur as a short episode or may be of a long duration. [1] There may be no symptoms but, when symptoms are present, the most common is upper abdominal pain (see dyspepsia). [1]
Three strains studied showed a variation in length from 2.8–3.3 μm but a fairly constant diameter of 0.55–0.58 μm. [24] H. pylori can convert from a helical to an inactive coccoid form that can evade the immune system, and that may possibly become viable, known as viable but nonculturable (VBNC). [27] [28]
Sucralfate has similar effectiveness to H 2 receptor blockers; however, sucralfate needs to be taken multiple times a day, thus limiting its use. [9] Baclofen , an agonist of the GABA B receptor, while effective, has similar issues of needing frequent dosing in addition to greater adverse effects compared to other medications.
The average age of diagnosis for GAVE is 73 years of age for females, [3] [7] and 68 for males. [2] Women are about twice as often diagnosed with gastric antral vascular ectasia than men. [2] [7] 71% of all cases of GAVE are diagnosed in females. [3] [7] Patients in their thirties have been found to have GAVE. [6]
An orexin receptor antagonist, or orexin antagonist, is a drug that inhibits the effect of orexin by acting as a receptor antagonist of one (selective orexin receptor antagonist or SORA) or both (dual orexin receptor antagonist or DORA) of the orexin receptors, OX 1 and OX 2. [1]
Healthcare in Portugal is provided through three coexisting systems: the National Health Service (Portuguese: Serviço Nacional de Saúde, SNS), special social health insurance schemes for certain professions (health subsystems) and voluntary private health insurance.
RR 4.9 CI 2.3 to 10.4: Very low (estimate of effect uncertain) Sedation: 3 times more likely to cause sedation, around 30% with chlorpromazine: RR 2.8 CI 2.3 to 3.5 Acute movement disorder: 3.5 times more likely to cause easily reversible but unpleasant severe stiffening of muscles, around 6% with chlorpromazine: RR 3.5 CI 1.5 to 8.0 Parkinsonism