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Common side effects include lightheadedness, headache, feeling tired, leg swelling, cough, and shortness of breath. [2] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure and heart failure. [2] Nifedipine is considered safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. [5] Nifedipine was patented in 1967, and approved for use in the United States in 1981.
[6] [7] Current evidence suggests that first line treatment with β 2 agonists, calcium channel blockers, or NSAIDs to prolong pregnancy for up to 48 hours is the best course of action to allow time for glucocorticoid administration. [1] Various types of agents are used, with varying success rates and side effects.
Medications to treat the toxic effects include: intravenous fluids, calcium gluconate, glucagon, high dose insulin, vasopressors and lipid emulsion. [1] [2] Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may also be an option. [1] More than ten thousand cases of calcium channel blocker toxicity were reported in the United States in 2010. [2]
Flunarizine is a selective calcium antagonist with moderate other actions including antihistamine, serotonin receptor blocking and dopamine D 2 blocking activity. Compared to other calcium channel blockers such as dihydropyridine derivatives, verapamil and diltiazem, flunarizine has low affinity to voltage-dependent calcium channels.
Rilmenidine, an oxazoline compound with antihypertensive properties, acts on both medullary and peripheral vasomotor structures.. Rilmenidine is a imidazoline analog and shows greater selectivity for imidazoline receptors than for cerebral alpha2-adrenergic receptors, distinguishing it from reference alpha2-agonists, and conferring additional anti-inflammatory actions not shared with most ...
The largest study, Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) in 2002, concluded that chlorthalidone (a thiazide-like diuretic) was as effective as lisinopril (an ACEi) or amlodipine (a calcium channel blocker). [17] (ALLHAT showed that doxazosin, an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker, had a higher ...
They are used in the treatment of hypertension. [2] Compared with certain other L-type calcium channel blockers (for example those of the phenylalkylamine class such as verapamil) that have significant action at the heart, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure mainly by relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessel ...
Lercanidipine (trade name Zanidip, among others) is an antihypertensive (blood pressure lowering) drug. It belongs to the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers, which work by relaxing and opening the blood vessels allowing the blood to circulate more freely around the body.