Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
An autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes. [2] It is the key structure in macroautophagy , the intracellular degradation system for cytoplasmic contents (e.g., abnormal intracellular proteins , excess or damaged organelles , invading microorganisms).
The autophagy-inducible Beclin-1 complex [61] contains the proteins PIK3R4(p150), Atg14L and the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI(3)K) Vps34. [62] The active ULK and Beclin-1 complexes re-localize to the site of autophagosome initiation, the phagophore, where they both contribute to the activation of downstream autophagy ...
Omegasomes act as progenitors of autophagosome formation during the autophagy pathway. [14] There are various autophagosome mediators involved in autophagy, however it is the omegasome regulation of the pathway that provides a smooth transition of autophagosome formation, and enrichment of nutrients in the cells.
They either reproduce inside of the phagolysosome (e.g. Coxiella spp.) [2] or escape into the cytoplasm before the phagosome fuses with the lysosome (e.g. Rickettsia spp.). [3] Many Mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis , [ 6 ] can manipulate the host macrophage to prevent ...
MAP1LC3B is a member of the highly conserved ATG8 protein family. ATG8 proteins are present in all known eukaryotic organisms. The animal ATG8 family comprises three subfamilies: (i) microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3); (ii) Golgi-associated ATPase enhancer of 16 kDa (GATE-16); and (iii) γ-amino-butyric acid receptor-associate protein ().
[3] In one mechanism for a protein to be a CMA substrate, it must have in its amino acid sequence a pentapeptide motif biochemically related to KFERQ. [ 4 ] This CMA-targeting motif is recognized by a cytosolic chaperone, heat shock cognate protein of 70 kDa (hsc70) which targets the substrate to the lysosome surface. [ 5 ]
Autophagic vacuolar myopathy (AVM) consists of multiple rare genetic disorders with common histological and pathological features on muscle biopsy. [1] The features highlighted are vacuolar membranes of the autophagic vacuoles having sarcolemmal characteristics and an excess of autophagic vacuoles. [2]
Class II catalyse the production of PI(3)P from PI and PI(3,4)P 2 from PI(4)P; however, little is known about their role in immune cells. PI(3,4)P 2 has, however, been shown to play a role in the invagination phase of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. [17] C2α and C2β are expressed through the body, but expression of C2γ is limited to hepatocytes.