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In communication, media (sing. medium) are the outlets or tools used to store and deliver semantic information or contained subject matter, described as content. [1] [2] The term generally refers to components of the mass media communications industry, such as print media (), news media, photography, cinema, broadcasting (radio and television), digital media, and advertising. [3]
The field of comparative media system research has a long tradition reaching back to the study Four Theories of the Press by Siebert, Peterson and Schramm from 1956. This book was the origin of the academic debate on comparing and classifying media systems, [2] whereas it was normatively biased [3] and strongly influenced by the ideologies of the Cold War era. [4]
[2] [3] Communication studies is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge that encompasses a range of topics, from face-to-face conversation at a level of individual agency and interaction to social and cultural communication systems at a macro level. [4] [5]
In the Netherlands, media studies is split into several academic courses, such as (applied) communication sciences, communication and information sciences, communication and media, media and culture or theater, and film and television sciences. While communication sciences focuses on the way people communicate, be it mediated or unmediated ...
Social media is a large contributor to the change from mass media to a new paradigm because through social media what is mass communication and what is interpersonal communication is confused. [39] Interpersonal/niche communication is an exchange of information and information in a specific genre.
An optical communication system is any form of communications system that uses light as the transmission medium. Equipment consists of a transmitter, which encodes a message into an optical signal, a communication channel, which carries the signal to its destination, and a receiver, which reproduces the message from the received optical signal.
In social science, mass communication is related to communication studies, but has its roots in sociology.Mass communication is "the process by which a person, group of people or organization creates a message and transmits it through some type of medium to a large, anonymous, heterogeneous audience."
The media systems in Scandinavian countries are twin-duopolistic with powerful public service broadcasting and periodic strong government intervention. Hallin and Mancini introduced the Norwegian media system as Democratic Corporatist. [27] Newspapers started early and developed very well without state regulation until the 1960s.